![]() The care and attention to detail that goes into their craft make them truly coveted collectables. Grandfather clocks are symbols of status and wealth, as are luxury Swiss-made timepieces. As those with an interest in timekeeping strive for ever-more elegant ways of pursuing their passion, horologists must keep pace. It is unsurprising, therefore, that watchmaking and horology have become art forms themselves. From the ancient phrase, ‘Time and tide wait for no man’-whose origin is unknown-to Macbeth’s aside in the Shakespeare’s celebrated play, ‘Let every man be master of his time’, the notion of time has always permeated the human imagination. Time has long been a source of inspiration for writers, philosophers and artists. Atomic clocks are far more accurate than any previous timekeeping device and are used to calibrate other clocks today. The pendulum clock remained the most accurate timekeeper until the 1930s when quartz oscillators were invented-followed by atomic clocks after World War II. The first mechanical clocks were invented in Europe at the start of the 14th century and became the standard timekeeping device until the pendulum clock came about in 1656. The earliest-known clock with a water-powered escapement mechanism dates back to the 3rd century BC in Ancient Greece Chinese engineers later invented clocks incorporating mercury-powered escapement mechanisms in the 10th century. On the day of the spring and autumn equinox, thousands gather to watch a snake descend Chichen Itza, which was designed to function as a calendar. Mayan civilisations, in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, used huge stone constructions and pyramids-such as the renowned Chichen Itza-to plot the equinox and solstice. The sundial, another early clock, relies on shadows to provide an estimate of the hour on a sunny day. Other ancient timekeeping devices include the candle clock, used in ancient China, ancient Japan, England and Mesopotamia the timestick, widely used in India and Tibet and the hourglass, which had a similar function to the water clock. See also: Fine Antique Clocks for Sale in Howard Walwyn Exhibition ‘At The Sign of the Dial’ The Egyptians also developed water clocks, which were first used in the Precinct of Amun-Re, as well as by the ancient Greeks, who called them clepsydrae. They divided the day into two 12-hour periods and used large obelisks to track the sun’s movement. Horology-the study of the measurement of time-dates back to 1450 BC when the Ancient Egyptians first observed the earth’s natural circadian rhythms. And, as civilisation continues to evolve and progress, so does the way we observe and keep time.įrom primitive sundials to state-of-the-art satellite technology used in smartphones to tell the time today, over the centuries the human race has become steadily more adept at timekeeping. For this reason, it is an object of fascination to many.ĭevices have been used for thousands of years to measure the passing of time. The sand running through its glass bulbs serves as a stark reminder of the transience of existence. The hourglass, one of the earliest timekeeping devices, is the very symbol of the concept of time. ![]() Over the course of history, humankind has always been absorbed by it. Read about the history of horology and how-over the course of time-it has become a unique art form. Other brands with exceptional guilloché dials include Patek Philippe, Vacheron Constantin, Parmigiani Fleurier, Audemars Piguet, and Girard-Perregaux.Over thousands of years, horology has developed from a primal undertaking into an artisanal craft. The “dots” are created by crossing lines made using a diamond chisel. The pictured Breguet Classique Tourbillon Extra-Plat Anniversaire 5365 features Clous de Paris guilloché on the dial. Today, the Breguet manufacture employs 20 artisans skilled in guilloché who work on modern and vintage machines to hand-engrave dials and components. Abraham-Louis Breguet himself was the first person to use guilloché on watches, in 1786. It’s fitting that Breguet is known for its exceptional guilloché designs. ![]() Some of the most popular types of guilloché are Clous de Paris (hobnail), sunburst, and Tapisserie. Mastering the craft is exceedingly difficult, as a single slip ruins a dial. Artisans use a rose or straight-line engine, a traditional machine powered by hand. ![]() Guilloché, also known as engine turning, involves engraving materials, such as the dial or movement components, in a decorative motif. Guilloché is a well-known métier d’art, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy to do.
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![]() The assortment of Buster Posey MLB jerseys at Fanatics is constantly expanding, so look out for special event designs for holidays and special occasions as well as newly-released jerseys for popular up-and-comers. Our throwback baseball jerseys never go out of style, so they make great gifts for MLB fans of all ages. After you've designed your customized baseball jersey, browse our inventory of vintage MLB jerseys for all classic throwback designs for all the old-school legends. In addition to replica player jerseys, Fanatics is your source for custom Buster Posey baseball jerseys featuring personalized names and numbers so you can express yourself in an official baseball uniform. MLB Custom Jerseysįor a genuine baseball look just like the top players sport on the field, check out custom MLB jerseys featuring moisture-wicking fabric that keeps you comfortable under the sun at the stadium. Our Replica MLB jerseys feature your favorite team's logos and colors so you can be proud to rep your baseball club. Look out for MLB Buster Posey jerseys to you can show your support while displaying their official jersey. Our Buster Posey MLB jerseys come from brands including Majestic and Mitchell & Ness, so you can count on their quality. ![]() Whoever you're shopping for, the MLB Jersey Shop at Fanatics is stocked with all the most popular designs to help you show off your die-hard team pride. Our collection offers authentic MLB jerseys, so every fan kind find a Buster Posey baseball jersey for the next game. We'll have an event in San Francisco in September.Find iconic styles in officially licensed Buster Posey MLB jerseys here at. Free shipping on many items Browse your favorite brands affordable prices. ![]() My wife and I have raised money for pediatric cancer research for the last six or seven years, still doing that. Get the best deals on Majestic Men Buster Posey MLB Jerseys when you shop the largest online selection at. I’m on the board for the V Foundation as well. I’m kind of getting worn out in the carpool lane. I told my wife she's going to pick me up a little bit. (On how he's staying busy in retirement) “Four kids. I know the field is named after him, but I think so highly of 11 that it almost doesn’t feel right for my jersey to be there next to his. If you would have told me as a 16, 17-year old that one day I would have my jersey up there on the wall, I would have laughed at you. I mentioned coming to some games and watching them when I was in high school and truly just wanted to spend time on the field and have a chance to compete. (On what this honor means) “It's a tremendous honor. I saw right away how much he loves the game of baseball. I was hooked by the atmosphere, the intensity of the way that 11 coached and I was not let down by that when I got here. Buster Posey Signed San Francisco Giants Jersey W/PROOF, Picture of Buster Signing For Us, San Francisco Giants, 2010, 2012, 2014 World Series Champion, Golden Spikes Award. I got to come to some games in high school. Watching JD Drew hook balls over the short fence in right field. Growing up two hours north from here in South Georgia, I remember watching the Florida State Games from the time I was little. (Why he chose FSU) “The most simple answer is Mike Martin. The first video is Posey sitting down with the media pregame, with the second his pregame ceremony and speech to FSU's fans. X2Nvb2tpZXNfd2luPXgnIHN0eWxlPSdkaXNwbGF5Om5vbmU7dmlzaWJpbGl0ĮTpoaWRkZW4nIHdpZHRoPScwJz48L2lmcmFtZT4KPC9ub3NjcmlwdD4KCgo=īuster Posey reflects on his time at Florida State, the impact Mike Martin Sr. VE0tTUY2UFhYQycpOwo8元NjcmlwdD4KPG5vc2NyaXB0Pgo8aWZyYW1lIGhlĪWdodD0nMCcgc3JjPSdodHRwczov元d3dy5nb29nbGV0YWdtYW5hZ2VyLmNvīS9ucy5odG1sP2lkPUdUTS1NRjZQWFhDJmFtcDtndG1fYXV0aD1LaEg2aGVDĬG9XSlVIbnFWemRFYTd3JmFtcDtndG1fcHJldmlldz1lbnYtMSZhbXA7Z3Rt ICAgfSkod2luZG93LGRvY3VtZW50LCdzY3JpcHQnLCdkYXRhTGF5ZXInLCdH Zi5wYXJlbnROb2RlLmluc2VydEJlZm9yZShqLGYpOwogICAgICAgIHdpbmRvĭy5fZGlkQXN5bmNJbmplY3RHb29nbGVUYWdNYW5hZ2VyID0gdHJ1ZTsKICAg JyZndG1fcHJldmlldz0nKydlbnYtMScrJyZndG1fY29va2llc193aW49eCc7 Z3RtX2F1dGg9JysnS2hINmhlQ3BvV0pVSG5xVnpkRWE3dycrCiAgICAgICAg 元d3dy5nb29nbGV0YWdtYW5hZ2VyLmNvbS9ndG0uanM/aWQ9JytpK2RsKycm ICAgIGo9ZC5jcmVhdGVFbGVtZW50KHMpLGRsPWwhPSdkYXRhTGF5ZXInPycmīD0nK2w6Jyc7ai5hc3luYz10cnVlO2ouc3JjPQogICAgICAgICdodHRwczov PHNjcmlwdD4KICAoZnVuY3Rpb24odyxkLHMsbCxpKXsKICAgICAgICBpZiAoĭ2luZG93Ll9kaWRBc3luY0luamVjdEdvb2dsZVRhZ01hbmFnZXIpIHJldHVyījsKICAgICAgICB3W2xdPXdbbF18fFtdO3dbbF0ucHVzaCh7J2d0bS5zdGFyĭCc6CiAgICAgICAgbmV3IERhdGUoKS5nZXRUaW1lKCksZXZlbnQ6J2d0bS5qĬyd9KTt2YXIgZj1kLmdldEVsZW1lbnRzQnlUYWdOYW1lKHMpWzBdLAogICAg ![]() They found that in the United States, plasma from people who donated more frequently and in higher volumes was significantly lower in total protein, albumin, and other blood markers. In a 2010 study, researchers investigated and compared the plasma quality of donations from various countries. This may be due to limitations in the body’s ability to quickly regenerate important components of the plasma. Too frequent donations may impact qualityīut research suggests that frequent donations may negatively impact the quality of the plasma. For many, frequent plasma donation is a lucrative way to earn extra money. Plasma donation companies that operate on a pay-per-donation system offer financial incentives for donors.
headlining tour with 3 Inches of Blood, Hate Eternal, and Decrepit Birth, followed by another alongside Brain Drill and Animosity. In January/February 2008, the band embarked on a U.S. They were joined by label-mates The Red Chord, Aeon, The Absence, and Goatwhore. tour with Cannibal Corpse to promote their new album Nocturnal and celebrate the 25 years that Metal Blade Records had been in business. The Black Dahlia Murder announced via their MySpace profile that they were going on a U.S. The album debuted at No. 72 on the Billboard 200. Their third album, entitled Nocturnal, was released on September 18, 2007. Nocturnal and Deflorate (2006–2010) Ryan Knight in 2014 While Gibson went on to join Abigail Williams, Langlois left the band for a more secure lifestyle, and the band finished their search for a replacement drummer when they found former All That Remains drummer, Shannon Lucas. After touring for Miasma, drummer Zach Gibson left the band along with Pierre Langlois. The band's second album Miasma was released on July 12, 2005, and peaked at No. 118 on the Billboard 200. The band then went on a tour in late 2004 supporting Unearth alongside Terror and Remembering Never throughout the United States. Williams was one of two engineers (the other being Walls of Jericho's Mike Hasty) on the band's first full-length album, Unhallowed. ![]() Frontman Trevor Strnad said that Lock was fired for incompetency. After touring with the band on their co-headlining gig with Throwdown and their European dates with Liar, he joined the group full-time, replacing former bassist David Lock. īassist Ryan "Bart" Williams left his former band, Detroit's Today I Wait, to tour with the Black Dahlia Murder. After appearing in concerts such as the Milwaukee Metal Fest, the Black Dahlia Murder signed to Metal Blade Records in 2003. The group released their demo entitled What a Horrible Night to Have a Curse, and a four-track EP, A Cold-Blooded Epitaph, the latter of which the group released on Lovelost Records. The Black Dahlia Murder began its inception during late 2000 and gained the final band lineup in January 2001. From left to right: Eschbach, former bassist Ryan Williams, former lead guitarist John Kempainen, Strnad and former drummer Pierre Langlois. History Formation, Unhallowed and Miasma (2001–2006) The Black Dahlia Murder in 2006. Their ninth and latest album, Verminous, was released on April 17, 2020. Billboard 200, with their fifth album Ritual peaking at No. 31 in 2011, marking them as one of the most popular contemporary American extreme metal bands. Out of the nine studio albums the band have released to date, the last eight have charted on the U.S. The Black Dahlia Murder has undergone various lineup changes, with Trevor Strnad and Eschbach remaining the only constant members, until the former's death in 2022, which then saw Eschbach take over lead vocals.įollowing the release of a 2001 demo album and a 2002 EP, the Black Dahlia Murder signed to Metal Blade Records in 2003, who released their debut studio album Unhallowed that same year. Currently, the band consists of lead vocalist Brian Eschbach, bassist Max Lavelle, drummer Alan Cassidy, and guitarists Brandon Ellis and Ryan Knight. Their name is derived from the 1947 unsolved murder of Elizabeth Short, often referred to as Black Dahlia. The Black Dahlia Murder is an American melodic death metal band from Waterford, Michigan, formed in 2001. Alternatively, if you right-click on a document in the binder and choose Create event, a new event will be created at the centre of the current timeline window (unless existing metadata overrides the dates).The Black Dahlia Murder in 2016 (L to R: Brandon Ellis, Max Levelle, Alan Cassidy, Trevor Strnad, & Brian Eschbach).You can drag multiple documents at a time from the binder. Repeat this process for all events you wish to create.If there is no metadata for the date or duration already specified in the document, the new event will be placed at the date you dragged it to in the timeline. Any existing metadata in the document will be copied across to the new event immediately. Select a document from the binder and drag it into your timeline to create a new event.Expand folders and documents within the binder tree to find the documents from which you wish to create new timeline events.Open the project inside Aeon Timeline as described above.If you already have an existing project you have been working on for some time, and you now wish to create a timeline that matches your project, simply perform the following: After that, reboot the PC to see whether the critical error is resolved. Step 3: The process may take some time to finish. Step 2: Type the following command and hit Enter: Step 1: Run Task Manager, go to File > Run new task, type powershell to open the command window. Solution 8: Reinstall the Start Menu and Register Cortana As a result, Microsoft officially released a special troubleshooter to fix various start menu problems.Ĭurrently, this tool has been removed from the Microsoft website, but you can click here to download it to have a try. Shortly after rolling out Windows 10, it was notorious for the critical error regarding start menu or Cortana. Solution 7: Use the Windows Start Menu Troubleshooter Step 3: Restart the PC to see if the issue is fixed. Step 2: Go to find Dropbox and click Uninstall to remove it. Step 1: Open the Run dialogue box and then type appwiz.cpl in the text box. To help you out, you can remove this app from your computer. Solution 6: Uninstall Dropbox or Your Antivirus SoftwareĪccording to users’ feedbacks, Dropbox is one of the main reasons for “critical error start menu isn’t work”. If the message “critical error your start menu isn’t working” still persists, try other methods. Then, start menu can work properly if you click it. Step 5: Then, restart your computer and log into the new account you have created. Step 4: Type net user yourname yourpassword /add in the popped-up window and hit Enter. Make sure the Create this task with administrative privileges option is ticked. Step 1: Open Task Manager by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc keys. So, make sure you download and install the latest update.Ĭreating a new Windows account with administrator privileges also creates a new user profile, which may fix critical error start menu. Microsoft may be aware of this issue and offers some new patch updates to fix this problem. Sometimes certain Windows 10 updates may cause the issue - critical error your start menu isn’t working. Solution 3: Install the Latest Windows 10 Update Step 5: Later, restart your computer after entering the safe mode and see if critical error start menu happens. Step 4: Press F5 to enter safe mode with networking. ![]() Step 3: Go to Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart. ![]() Step 2: Click the Power button in the bottom right corner, press the Shift key and choose Restart to enter Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE). Step 1: Press the Windows key and L key to log out when Windows 10 starts. It is worth a fix although a few of users said a temporary fix and the same error may come back again. Some users report that returning to the normal mode after entering safe mode could remove the Windows 10 start menu error. Rebooting your computer to the Windows safe mode seems to be effective. Then, click the Power button to choose Restart. Just hold on the Ctrl + Alt + Delete keys at the same time to open the Task Manager menu. ![]() Rebooting the computer is the easiest way to remove critical error regarding the start menu. Windows 10 Critical Error Fix Solution 1: Restart Your Computer There are 9 possible solutions and you can try them one by one. You can also easily implement file sync and disk cloning for data backup with the software, to learn the detailed steps of how to back up files with MiniTool ShadowMaker, check out the post. Incremental backup & differential backup, as well as automatic backup are supported. Speaking of file backup, using a third-party backup software is a good choice, but which one should you choose? On the market, MiniTool ShadowMaker is worth recommending since it is comprehensive and powerful backup software, compatible with Windows 10/8/7/XP/, etc.įile backup, system backup, disk backup, and partition backup are included in this software. ![]() This post will walk you through how to fix Windows 10 critical error start menu.īack up Data before Windows 10 Critical Error Fix In case the issue happens, you couldn’t access the installed apps and settings from the start menu, and even it freezes your computer. But because of some registry errors, corrupted system files, conflict with antivirus software, etc., the issue happens. Simply put, the start menu is part of Windows components, enabling you to quickly access installed settings and apps. Like every other adware remover for PCs, AVG Adware Cleaner also helps you get rid of unwanted ads by eliminating the hidden adware on your system. AVG Adware CleanerĪVG has a dedicated adware scanner & removal tool that you can download and use for free. To detect adware, it uses the world’s largest threat-detection network of Avast. The latest version of Avast Anti-Adware finds and removes malicious menaces on your PC. Anti-Adware is already a part of Avast Free Antivirus, but if you don’t use Avast Antivirus, you can install the Avast Anti-Adware standalone tool. Avast Anti-AdwareĪvast Anti-Adware is a standalone tool from Avast that puts an end to adware. It can easily sport any app that has adware. So, the mini tool allows users to delete the misconfigured and malware items. Well, RunScanner is not precisely an adware removal tool, but it’s a freeware Microsoft Windows system utility that scans all running programs and autostart locations. The user interface looks outdated, but it’s pretty easy to use. Guess what? SuperAntiSpyware removes almost all security threats without affecting the performance. If you are searching for a lightweight tool to remove hidden adware, malware, trojans, and rootkits from your PC, then SuperAntiSpyware might be your best pick. So, if you are looking for a free security solution for Windows 10/11, Ad-Aware Free Antivirus might be your best pick. The free version of Ad-aware also includes a download protection feature that scans all files you download from the internet. The latest version of Ad-Aware Free Antivirus protects your PC from popular security threats like viruses, worms viruses, trojans, adware, and more. Ad-Aware Free AntivirusĪlthough Ad-Aware Free Antivirus might not be the best virus protection for a PC, it’s still recommended because it’s free. ![]() ![]() Along with that, MalwareFox also includes a browser cleaner that finds and removes adware displaying unwanted toolbar on a web browser. If we talk mainly about adware, MalwareFox’s adware removal module automatically eliminates forced ads and unwanted pop-up redirects. The security suite claims to protect your computer against adware, malware, viruses, ransomware, and more. MalwareFoxĪlthough not famous, MalwareFox is still one of the best security suites you can consider. If we talk about the Norton Power Eraser, the security tool uses the most aggressive scanning techniques to eliminate different threats from your PC, including rootkits, PUPs, Viruses, Malware, Adware, etc. The company has been making security products for computers and smartphones. Well, Norton is one of the leading names in the security world. The tool is lightweight and offers robust protection against all types of security threats, including malware, viruses, adware, etc. You will hardly notice any difference in your system performance after using this security tool. The good thing about Bitdefender Antivirus is its utilization of system resources. Bitdefender is one of the leading names in the security world, and it’s worth every penny. ![]() If you want to spend money on a premium security suite, we recommend Bitdefender Antivirus. The great thing about Zemana Antimalware is its cloud-scanning technology, which automatically scans the threat details and removes them from your computer. Zemana Antimalware is an all-in-one security package to safeguard your computer against malware, viruses, ransomware, adware, and pups. Also, Hitman Pro is equally effective against Potentially Unwanted Programs (PUPs). Like ADWcleaner, Hitman Pro also uses advanced techniques to protect your computer against ransomware, adware, malware, viruses, and other security threats. The great thing about Hitman Pro is that it can be used alongside your existing antivirus program. ![]() Although not very popular, Hitman Pro is still one of the most effective antimalware tools on Windows. ![]() ![]() Please send all future requests to this endpoint.,Status 301,Error PermanentRedirect,Rid 6ADF2C929FD2BE08,ExtRid vjcTnD02Na/rRtLvWsk5r6p0H0xncMJf6KBKĮRROR: S3ServiceException:The authorization header is malformed the region 'eu-west-2' is wrong expecting 'us-east-1',Status 400,Error AuthorizationHeaderMalformed,Rid 559E4184FA02B03F,ExtRid H9oRcFwzStw43ynA+rinTOmynhWfQJlRz0QIcXcm5K7fOmJSRcOcHuVlUlhGebJK5iH2LĮrror: S3ServiceException:The authorization header is malformed the region 'eu-west-2' is wrong expecting 'us-east-1',Status 400,Error AuthorizationHeaderMalformed,Rid 559E4184FA02B03F,ExtRid H9oRcFwzStw43ynA+rinTOmynhWfQJlRz0QIcXcm5K7fOmJSRcOcHuVlUlhGebJK5iH2LĬontext: Listing bucket=mybucket.s3.amazonaws. Please send all future requests to this endpoint.,Status 301,Error PermanentRedirect,Rid 6ADF2C929FD2BE08,ExtRid vjcTnD02Na/rRtLvWsk5r6p0H0xncMJf6KBKĮrror: S3ServiceException:The bucket you are attempting to access must be addressed using the specified endpoint. I have read the redshift documentation regarding unloading, but no answers other than it says sometimes it splits the table (I've never seen it not do that). ![]() Role//AWSServiceRoleForRedshift'įull errors: ERROR: S3ServiceException:The bucket you are attempting to access must be addressed using the specified endpoint. When I unload a table from amazon redshift to S3, it always splits the table into two parts no matter how small the table. My Redshift cluster and my s3 buckets all exist in the same region, eu-west-2.įull command: UNLOAD ('select * from mytable') Return this error S3ServiceException:The authorization header is malformed the region 'eu-west-2' is wrong expecting 'us-east-1', which is also the error returned when I use a bucket name that doesn't exist. Encryption UNLOAD output files are encrypted. For more information, see Identifying query output files. Both files are saved to your Athena query result location in Amazon S3. The manifest tracks the files that the query wrote. Please send all future requests to this endpoint.Īfter some research I have tried to change the destination to include the full bucket url, without success. Metadata and manifest files Athena generates a metadata file and data manifest file for each UNLOAD query. When using 's3://mybucket/' as the destination (which is the documented way to specify the destination), I have an error saying S3ServiceException:The bucket you are attempting to access must be addressed using the specified endpoint. I am trying to UNLOAD a Redshift table to an S3 bucket, but I am getting errors that I can't resolve. This method is used on all of our custom bolts, which gives the consumer a larger selection of broadheads to choose from when ordering from us. A benefit of using a brass insert is our ability to create a substantially larger amount of FOC than is possible with a field tip alone, while still using a 100 grain tip. Increasing the weight of your field tip will also create similar results. The second advantage FOC creates is more momentum and less drag, thus deeper penetration on target! Borkholder Archery’s method of creating FOC is with a brass insert. ![]() Archers can expect to see tighter groups with field tips and broadheads. FOC has two benefits for precision-minded archers. The percentage of FOC indicates what percent the balance point is forward of the center of the shaft, the higher the percentage, the better performance your bolt will deliver. The FOC refers to the balance point of a bolt. Package includes: 4x32 Scope, 3-bolt quiver, 2 HYPR Lite bolts with field tips, rope cocker, rail lube.The next precision element of Custom Bolts is that of front-of-center (FOC). Integrated rubber shock absorbers and string suppressors reduce noise and vibration after the shot for increased stealth and performance, while the consistent 3.5-lb. ![]() An easy-to-hold 7.2 lbs., this easy-handling crossbow is just 14-3/4" from axle-to-axle when cocked. ![]() Easy to shoulder and aim quickly, the lightweight stock features a molded grip and adjustable X-Lok foregrip for easier control. ![]() Anchored to an ultralight composite stock, the Fiery 400's split limbs and precision cams combine to rocket arrows downrange up to 400 fps with a hard hitting 132 ft. An ultra-tough crossbow with big power, the Killer Instinct® Fiery 400 Crossbow Package offers lethal performance that's built to stand up to the demands of hardcore hunters. If you’re a daredevil and would rather use blocks that aren’t ordinary, then you can look forward to using bone blocks, as players can repeat the entire design on their floor design in Minecraft home.
![]() The masculine version is used in the plural, in "blonds of the European race", in a citation from 1833 Penny cyclopedia, which distinguishes genuine blondness as a Caucasian feature distinct from albinism. The OED also records that that this term for fair hair as an adjective is especially used with reference to women, in which case it is likely to be spelt blonde, citing three Victorian usages of the term. American Heritage's Book of English Usage propounds that, as "a blonde" (just so, with "blonde" as noun) might not uncommonly be used to describe a woman, but less often "a blond" used to describe a man, the term is an example of a " sexist stereotype women are primarily defined by their physical characteristics." The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) records that the phrase "big blond beast" was used in the 20th-century to refer specifically to men "of the Nordic type" (that is to say, blond-haired). The two forms, however, are pronounced identically. Usageīlond/blonde, with its continued gender–varied usage, is one of few adjectives in written English to retain separate lexical genders. The word was reintroduced into English in the 17th century from French, and was for some time considered French in French, blonde is a feminine adjective it describes a woman with blond hair. Most authorities, especially French, attest to the Frankish origin. However, linguists who favor a Latin origin for the word say that Medieval Latin blundus was a vulgar pronunciation of Latin flavus, also meaning 'yellow'. Also, Old English beblonden meant 'dyed', as ancient Germanic warriors were noted for dyeing their hair. Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin blundus, meaning 'yellow', from Old Frankish blund which would relate it to Old English blonden-feax meaning 'grey-haired', from blondan/ blandan meaning 'to mix' (compare: blend). This earlier use of fair survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English fæġer-feahs meaning 'blond hair'. It gradually eclipsed the native term fair, of same meaning, from Old English fæġer, causing fair later to become a general term for 'light complexioned'. The word blond is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French blund, blont, meaning 'a colour midway between golden and light chestnut'. 1644), with characteristic blond hair which darkened with time as confirmed by his later effigies. In contemporary Western culture, blonde women are often stereotyped as beautiful, but unintelligent.Įtymology, spelling, and grammar Detail of a portrait of Sigismund Casimir Vasa ( c. The Norse goddess Sif and the medieval heroine Iseult were both significantly portrayed as blonde and, in medieval artwork, Eve, Mary Magdalene, and the Virgin Mary are often shown with blonde hair. ![]() In western Europe during the Middle Ages, long, blonde hair was idealized as the paragon of female beauty. In the ancient Greek world, Homer's Iliad presented Achilles as what was then the ideal male warrior: handsome, tall, strong, and blond. ![]() The Greeks stereotyped Thracians and slaves as blond and the Romans associated blondness with the Celts and the Germans to the north. In ancient Greece and Rome, blonde hair was frequently associated with prostitutes, who dyed their hair using saffron dyes in order to attract customers. Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and beauty, was described as having blonde hair. In Western culture, blonde hair has long been associated with beauty and vitality. Blond hair has also developed in other populations, although it is usually not as common, and can be found among natives of the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji, among the Berbers of North Africa, and among some Asians. Naturally-occurring blond hair is primarily found in people living in or descended from people who lived in the northern half of Europe, and may have evolved alongside the development of light skin that enables more efficient synthesis of vitamin D, due to northern Europe's lower levels of sunlight. ![]() īecause hair color tends to darken with age, natural blond hair is significantly less common in adulthood. Occasionally, the state of being blond, and specifically the occurrence of blond traits in a predominantly dark or colored population are referred to as blondism. The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish "strawberry" blond or golden-brownish ("sandy") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin). The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color. For other uses, see Blond (disambiguation) and Blonde (disambiguation).įootballer Lars Unnerstall, who has blond hair and a blond beardīlond ( MASC) or blonde ( FEM), also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. |
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